每当提起宋朝为何军事疲软，大家都会想到这四个字“重文轻武”。不过历史上并不是只有宋朝重文轻武，明朝同样也很注重文化发展，但就军事实力来说，明朝比宋 朝更加强大。实际上，这还是因为两个朝代军制不同所造成的差异，以及“人”也有很大的关系。那今天就借此机会跟大家讲讲，明代和宋代在 军制上的区别，以及各自面临难题时都是如何解决的，这要从多个角度来了解。

两朝的皇帝给人的印象不同

这和这两朝的帝王给人的印象有关。宋朝的皇帝，比如宋真宗，在澶渊之盟前，虽然打了败仗，但是辽国都要打到家门口了。如此危难之境，他死活不去，一心想的是迁都避祸。最后，是寇准硬把他拉去了，最后宋 朝军队大受鼓舞，大胜了。但是，这样的情况，让人感觉过于怯懦。而且，即便是战胜，也有赔偿标准高达一百万两银钱，让人觉得过于投降。

而明代呢?与宋代相比，明代的皇帝就强硬很多，比如，不被人喜欢的明英宗朱祁镇，他好歹敢带兵亲征。这在宋代中期的皇帝中并不都见。而即使是给人的印象一直是沉迷妓院、养豹子的正德皇帝，也是个喜欢上战场的人，而且是在群臣硬拉着他不让他去的情况下，要去结果打赢了回来。这可见得 明 朝 的 皇 帝 比 宋 代 强 硬 多 了。

再者，说到被俘的问题，每次提及，都会觉得有种劣势感。但实际上，如果说靖康二位皇帝被俘，那么他们终生未能返回故土，对后世影响极其恶劣，而对于满清入主中原，更是不利。而 明 英宗朱祁镇呢?同样也是被俘，但是，被抓的地方是在战场，不是在自己国家都城之中的，因此相对来说情况稍微好些。

Song and Ming Dynasties' Military Systems: Different yet Similar

Overemphasis on Decentralization in Song Dynasty

除了帝国形象所造成的情绪影响外，还有更深层次的问题，那就是两 dynasty's military systems themselves, which is a critical factor that influences the image of their armies. The Song Dynasty had an impressive array of weapons and equipment, but its military system was plagued by over-centralization.

After the founding of the Song Dynasty, Emperor Taizu implemented policies to restrict the power of generals and ensure that no one could rise too high. This led to a situation where generals did not have the authority to make decisions about warfare or troop movements. The result was a lack of flexibility in decision-making during battles.

Weaknesses in Leadership and Strategy

Moreover, there were issues with leadership and strategy within the Song army. Generals were constantly changing due to political pressures from courtiers who sought control over troops for personal gain rather than for military effectiveness.

The frequent changes meant that soldiers lost confidence in their leaders because they never knew what kind of tactics they would use or how well-trained they were; thus creating confusion among ranks leading to less efficient communication during war times.

Additionally, as mentioned earlier, even when victorious like at Chanyuan Treaty (澶渊之盟), it only brought temporary peace without lasting impact on overall strength.

3.

4.

5.

And so we come back full circle - while both dynasties faced challenges related to their respective military systems - differences existed between them.

This article has outlined some key points about these two dynasties' approaches towards maintaining strong armed forces throughout history

However before jumping into conclusions let us consider other factors such as politics economics culture etcetera

What are your thoughts on this matter?